St. Paul's Chapel

• Episcopal chapel
• oldest church in Manhattan 
• finished being built in 1776
• chapel of ease
• under authority of Trinity Church
• survived the New York fire of 1776
• Washington worshiped and attended services here
• original painting of the Great Seal of the United States hanging inside

Castle Garden

• Castle Clinton was first a fort built by Dutch rulers on an island roughly 300 yards off the coast of the mainland of Manhattan.

• After being dismantled after the war of 1812, Castle Clinton served as a theater and a ball room.

• Eventually, castle Garden became the first immigration center in America ( before Ellis Island)
• Over 8 million people passed through Castle Garden over a 35 year span.
• Roughly 2 out of every three immigrants that came to New York passed through Castle Garden

• When it shut down, Castle Garden turned into a very popular aquarium that had exotic fish and even a beluga whale.

• Now, Castle Garden is a monument that has millions of visitors every year. 
  

Revolution Walking Tour-H block-13: African Burial Ground

Revolution Walking Tour-H block-13: African Burial Ground

African Burial Ground

·             The African Burial Ground is acknowledged as one of the most significant

      American archeological discovers in the 20^th century, because of the astonishing amount of remains found, and the rich culture it exposed. 

·      The African Burial Grounds were actually found by accident.  In 1991 the construction of the Federal office building had been planned, when workers came across human remains about 20 feet below the surface. 

·      The remains found uncovered many details about the lives of African Americans (free and enslaved) buried there from 1690-1794.  Nine percent of the burials were children under the age of 2, a death rate that was extremely disproportional to the population.  Research on the remains showed malnourishment, delayed bone development, overworking in labor, and illness.   

http://untappedcities.com/2013/09/12/fun-maps-african-burial-ground-nyc/

Trinity Church

Key Facts

- 1705, First African American place of worship
- George Washington attended ceremonies there
- Clergy made up mostly of Loyalists
- Church originally Anglican
- Charles Inglis ( loyalist rebuttal to Common Sense)
- ^ affected the patriots the most
- Received money from everywhere
- Received money from a pirate
- Princess Anneke Jans

Fort George

Over the history of the city, buildings located at this spot have served three functions:

1     Fort for Dutch and British to defend against hostile outsiders (Indians French, etc.) 

               * Here is where Peter Stuyvesant surrendered the city to the British, who renamed it Fort George in honor of King. 

               * Not surprisingly, the fort became a symbol for colonists’ anger during Stamp Act riots in 1765. 

               * In 1783, the British surrendered the city to Washington here – so we can see both the start and end of British rule at this spot.

2   The 2^nd function of site was as the Federal Customs House for the port in later 1800s. Here the national government regulated imports in era of booming international trade in a time when the city’s economy was mostly ocean-going trade.

3   Today, there is a 3^rd (and ironic) function of the building: as home of the Museum of the American Indian. Does anyone see the irony?